The effect of these three interventions in the field of leprosy is largely unknown. Empowerment plays a role in each of these interventions. From the different stigma-reduction interventions described and studied, three are considered promising: counselling, contact and socio-economic development. Research has been undertaken on stigma reduction in the field of mental health, epilepsy and HIV/AIDS, but only a few studies have focused on leprosy. There is a growing awareness among health professionals and researchers of the importance of stigma-reduction interventions. As a result, people affected by leprosy often try to conceal their disease, which poses an additional burden on them. People associated with a person affected by leprosy, for instance family members and friends, might also be stigmatized. Stigma manifestations may differ depending on the severity of impairments, gender, social status and age. The impact of leprosy-related stigma varies between individuals and ranges from minor implications to quite devastating consequences (e.g. Although manifestations, including social exclusion and discrimination, are nowadays more subtle with less ostracism, stigma remains a reality for many people affected. In 2014, India reported the highest number of new cases (125,785) followed by Brazil (31,064) and Indonesia (17,025). Despite major achievements in the control and management of leprosy, it remains an important public health issue. Leprosy is often seen as the archetype of a stigmatized health condition. As a result, people affected by a stigmatized disease or condition have fewer opportunities to live their lives in terms of education, employment, marriage, family life, religion, housing and health care than those who do not have a stigmatized condition living in similar conditions and with similar capabilities. These stereotypes and prejudices are at the basis of processes as discrimination, social exclusion and self-isolation. On the other hand, they are challenged by the stereotypes and prejudices from others and from themselves that result from conceptions about the disease or condition. On the one hand, they experience the symptoms and impairments that result from the disease and – if any – the side-effects of treatment. Many people with a stigmatized disease or condition are challenged in two ways. Stigma plays a role in a variety of diseases and conditions. Detailed field: Social Science, Sociology, Ethics, etc.
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